Malware is the generic term that covers all types of malicious software. This includes numerous different forms of attackers that can infect a computer system. The damage caused depends on the type of malware. Here we present some of the most important forms of malware:
Computer virus
The computer virus did not get its name by chance. The way it works is similar to that of a biological virus. Like a disease that infects a healthy cell, the computer virus crawls into “healthy” systems and causes chaos there. The code writes itself into a functioning system, so to speak, and then copies itself again and again. This is how the computer virus spreads throughout the entire system. Files, documents and images serve as “carriers” – basically everything you have on your computer. As with a biological infection, the computer virus can also pass from one carrier to the next. For example, by copying an infected file from one computer to another. The virus then logically migrates to the other computer and can also spread there.
Worm
The worm is quite similar to a virus, but computer worms do not need a “carrier” to get into a system. Although it is possible to transmit worms via files, this is exactly how they can be introduced into a system through a security hole. Worms generally spread faster than viruses, as they do not rely on user action. This means that the user of the computer does not inadvertently spread the worm by using already infected files as with a virus. The worm also spreads through the system in this way. For example, worms can spread independently from email contact to email contact by crawling into a security hole on their own. Worms lead a life of their own, so to speak, within the system they infect.
Trojan
A Trojan is malware that is hidden in another program. As soon as this program is installed or used, the Trojan crawls out of its hiding place and nests itself on the computer. The actual program can even execute the desired functions. However, the Trojan does its damage in the background. Trojans usually delete or move files and slow down the computer. You can read more about Trojans in our article.
Adware
An “ad” is an advertisement in English and that already describes what adware is. It is software that displays annoying advertising. Adware usually comes bundled with free programs. When adware is installed, it is often because users do not read the small print or inattentively click on “Next” when installing programs. In most cases, the additional adware is pointed out during installation – even if it is not labeled as such. Quickly skipping through the installation process then ensures that the program is also installed. This can often be avoided by being patient.
Spyware
Spyware is any form of malware that spies on data or processes. Spyware collects data on the computer without the user being aware of it. Hackers can then make use of this information. There is even spyware that records which keystrokes are made. These so-called keyloggers provide this information in order to find out passwords, for example.
Conclusion
Malware comes in many forms. The damage varies in size, but is always at least annoying. In the worst case, even serious. Protecting yourself against it is not always easy, but starts with being careful when dealing with unknown files.
